Essay - 1417 Words

They said the war would end all wars, but it wouldnt end anything, only the lives of an entire generation. I was issued to death- enlistment in a tank, a Mark IV. The term  ¨tank ¨ doesnt really mean anything, only entrapment. Three thousand of us were issued to the battlefield that month, half of which would return. The deaths were slow, often of exhaustion in the heat and poison from the engine, which was not in a separate compartment from the crew. Tim was my gunner, one of the most important jobs in our crew of eight, none of which I will go into detail of because of how short of a time I knew them. I had the easiest job, the loader on the right side of the tank. The reason the right side matters is that you are the most protected. You†¦show more content†¦These were subjects I agreed with for a time. It took what seemed like an hour for us to finally get to Jerrie ´s trench. We loaded our guns standing in the puddles of sweat that had formed on the floor. Our tank dinged under the impact of the whizzing machine gun fire. To our left was a pillbox, a simple cement bunker that was highly effective against infantry. To our right was the rest of our division, about 40 tanks. The tank to our direct right waved a flag that meant flank, so Jack made the sign to Oliver and Winston that meant  ¨turn left. ¨ That would be his death. We did not see the need to reposition our gun to shoot the pillbox if the entire tank was turning towards the pillbox. As our tank turned, the pillbox lets loose a barrage of flame on the front of our tank, seeping burning fuel into the commander side through his vision port. Jack went up in flame, letting out a loose shriek as he fell to the floor. Emmet reached for the fire extinguisher quickly, but it was too late. The fuel reached the ammo rack, causing an explosion that brutally slaughtered Emmet, shredding his body and flinging his right arm into the left gun compartment. Robert picked up Emmetts arm off the ground, shaking, and handed it to Winston. Winston dropped the arm on the floor, and then vomited a combination of blood and beans. Then he collapsed because the shock from the explosion had mutilated his organs. Oliver had a shard of brass in his back,Show MoreRelatedWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesBuscemi Essay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. Some authors, such as Cynthia Ozick, claim that an essay has noRead Morenarrative essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essay A Brief Guide to Writing Narrative Essays Narrative writing tells a story. 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Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays

National Institute on aging talks about general information, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer ’s disease. It gives a relatively detailed account under several subheadings to explain the pathogenesis, possible risk factors and symptoms seen, which are basically dysfunction of memory and cognition to the extent that they interfere with normal life. It provides information through the article titled ‘Causes of Alzheimer’s disease’ that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis although the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not known. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its conclusion from studies indicates that enhancing social interactions, encouraging love and stable families can delay the onset of the disease in susceptible individuals. Alzheimer’s Association provides information on the history of the brain dysfunction, and in lay terms the functional and structural defects typical of Alzheimer’s disease. The beauty of the Article titled ‘What is Alzheimer’s disease? ’ is the history of the condition that it adds to the simple presentation of the disease. A lay man can easily understand the genesis of the condition and how it affects the brain, when it can be seen in an individual and where to find help for them. Is a progressive brain damage. it destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior. it worsens with age. it is the 6th leading cause of death in the United states. It is the most common form of dementia. It does not have any current cure; treatment available is targeted at presenting symptoms. There is an increasing worldwide effort to find better ways to alleviate challenges associated with the disease. In this disease condition, there is a breakdown in some of the synapses that serve the function of information storage, processing and memory; this spreads to other cells and over time, these cells die. Such affected cells are surrounded by plaques and contain characteristic tangles. No definite role of these agents has not been fully elucidated. American Psychological Association postulates that strong education delays the onset of Alzheimer’s disease through a study carried out by scientists at the Alzheimer’s disease Research Centre at Washington University School of Medicine. this opens the door to evaluate other risk factors that would help to better understand the disease, and make it easier to prevent and/or treat it. It is possible that engaging in increasing cognitive function or even social activities that improve emotional and mental events may play a significant role in how we tackle this disease in the future. As a counselor, the ability to help begins when I understand the history of the condition: this makes the disease traceable to humans like us. It makes easier for the clients to realize that they are not alone, it has been here for quite some time. Besides, statistics have also shown that millions of America also live with Alzheimer’s disease. Besides, with the knowledge of the causes and possible risk factors associated with the disease, empathy is not difficult, as I understand what I am dealing with. Emerging data has shown that education can help to prevent the condition. What is important is rely how to help those who are living with condition, information on the Geriatrics Department show that psychological help and family support are crucial in the life of clients. Since it is irreversible, it is best to prevent it and make sure that we stay healthy smart and happy! SOURCES Barlow, D. H. Durand, V. M. (2009). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach (5th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Centage Learning. http://www. alz. org/index. asp Alzheimer’s association http://www. nia. nih. gov/alzheimers http://www. geriatrics. uams. edu/research/sec http://www. apa. org/topics/topicalzheimers. html How to cite Alzheimer’s disease, Papers Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal and progressive brain disorder named after the German physician Alois Alzheimer who was the first person to describe it. This is an age-related and irreversible brain disorder which develops and progresses over time. It affects the part of the brain that controls the memory, language, and speech of a person. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Early symptoms include forgetting things that just happened, and the symptoms will get worse as time passes by. For instance, people with this disorder may forget their loved ones and may have difficulty writing and reading. They may not know how to do their mundane routines such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. In the end, this disease will lead to severe and serious loss of mental function because of the breaking down and death of the brain neurons. This is a form of dementia that affects usually people 65 years of age and older. There are approximately five million Americans suffering from Alzheimer’s, and according to surveys, this disease ranks number seven when it comes to the leading causes of death in the United States. The cure for Alzheimer’s has yet to be discovered, but there are treatments and medications that will enable to control, minimize, and slow down its advancement. Medicines for depression and hallucination that may occur as a result of the deterrence of an individual’s mental faculties are also made available. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four types of drugs that will help regulate the signs and delay its progression as much as possible. People with Alzheimer’s suffer from a deficiency of acetylcholine, which is a chemical involved in the communication of nerve cells. Cholinesterase is an inhibitor which functions to slow down the breakdown and destruction acetylcholine. It also produces more of these chemicals for cellular communication. Regular treatment will slow down the process impairment of a person’s cognitive functions, and this is proven effective for individuals who have early symptoms of this disease. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Health Assistance Foundation. â€Å"Common Alzheimer’s Treatments. Alzheimer’s Disease Research. 2009. http://www. ahaf. org/alzheimers/treatment/common/ (accessed July 31, 2009). Alzheimer’s Association. â€Å"What is Alzheimer’s? † Alzheimer’s Association. 2009. http://www. alz. org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers. asp (accessed (July 31, 2009). National Institute on Aging. â€Å"Alzheimer’s Disease. † Medline Plus. July 31, 2009. http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/alzheimersdisease. html (accessed July 31, 2009). â€Å"What is Alzheimer’s Disease? †. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2009. http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/alzheimersdisease/alzheimersdisease. htm (accessed July 31, 2009) How to cite Alzheimer’s disease, Papers Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays Alzheimer’s disease is one of most prevalent medical conditions that affect the older sector of society. More and more people continue to suffer from this disease, but at present, there is still no cure available. So what causes Alzheimer’s disease? What are its effects, and are there any possible solutions for this condition? This essay would delve into the aforementioned details of Alzheimer’s disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before the nature of Alzheimer’s disease can be discussed, it is important to first define what dementia is. This is because Alzheimer’s disease is identified as the most general cause behind the dementia not only in America but also throughout the world. Dementia refers to a syndrome which generally damages a person’s daily functioning. This is because the memory is impaired, as well as other thinking capabilities, such as reasoning and thought organization. Even the capacity for language and sight is also affected. Due to the memory decline, simple activities become difficult and patients need assistance from others since they cannot take care of themselves anymore. Consequently, Alzheimer’s disease is a medical condition which affects the brain; it is a disease that slowly develops, damaging one’s memory and other mental processes. These include â€Å"reasoning, planning, language, and perception. † It is believed that the disease is caused by the overproduction or amassment of the protein called beta-amyloid; this protein is believed to result in the demise of nerve cells. The condition worsens as time goes by and can lead to death. The possibility of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease increases as one ages, especially when one reaches the age of 70. Those who are beyond 85 years of age are most likely to be affected. However, it is important to point out that though memory loss is a normal part of aging, something as severe as Alzheimer’s disease is not part of it. Alzheimer’s disease was first discovered in 1906 by a German doctor named Alois Alzheimer; in 1910, the disease was officially named after him. Five years prior, Dr. Alzheimer had 51-year-old patient named Frau Auguste D. ; the symptoms of her condition include problems of speech, memory and understanding. She even began doubting her husband’s loyalty for no reason at all. Her condition became worse and eventually, she died. When Dr. Alzheimer performed an autopsy, he found that the size of the brain had decreased. The most notable finding was that the cortex had significantly shrunk; the cortex is responsible for memory and speech, among other vital mental functions. When her brain was viewed in the microscope, Dr. Alzheimer discovered brain cells which are either dead or in the process of dying. There were also fat and other deposits found in the blood vessels and brain cells. The brain is composed of neurons, which are nerve cells. These neurons produce signals which are chemical and electrical in nature. The signals are transferred from one neuron to another, enabling the person to think and recall. The transmission between neurons is made possible by neurotransmitters. Those who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease experience the demise of neurons; eventually, neurotransmitters are also affected, and the brain functions are completely interrupted. The autopsy that Dr. Alzheimer performed on Auguste D. revealed that the brain tissues were characterized by â€Å"clumps† and â€Å"knots† of brain cells. At present, the former is recognized as plaques, while the latter is now identified as tangles. Both are acknowledged markers of Alzheimer’s disease. These two are also possible contributors in causing the brain disorder. On one hand, plaques are composed of the aforementioned beta-amyloid protein. There is still no determined reason for the death of neurons, but the said protein is believed to be responsible for it. There are three genetic mutations that are recognized as responsible for a small percentage of the early-onset type of the disease. These three are as follows: â€Å"amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 protein (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). † The said mutations create plaques of amyloid. All three mutations are known to cause at least ten percent of all cases of Alzheimer’s disease. How to cite Alzheimer’s disease, Papers Alzheimer’s Disease Free Essays Alzheimer’s Disease does not kill instantly; it destroys the individual bit by bit, tearing away at their person-hood and self-identity. Most victims suffer for 9 to 15 years after onset of the illness. It is the most common type of dementia in the United States and Canada and after age 40, the risk of developing it doubles with aging every 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 years during adults’ life. A form of dementia, the DSM-IV-R’s (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) criteria for diagnosing dementia include: impairment in short- and long-term memory, at least one of the following: impairment in abstract thinking, impaired judgement, other disturbances of higher cortical functioning, personality change, significant interference with work, social activities, or relationships, in addition, symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of delirium; and specific etiologic organic factor is evidenced or can be presumed. For an individual with this terrible disease, living with memory loss and its associated disabilities are very frightening. Alzheimer’s includes behavioral characteristics that extend beyond its cognitive explanations. These behaviors require study because of the influence on both the patient and caregiver. Treatment often looks to drugs for relief of symptoms and to slow the course of progressive decline, rather than on assisting the individual with coping mechanisms. It has been termed a â€Å"family disease†, not only because of possible genetic relation between victims, but because family members provide 80 percent or more of the care giving. Chronic and progressive mental and physical deterioration decrease the victim’s capacity for independence and increase the need for support from family members caring for the victim at home. The victim attempts to make sense of a seemingly new and hostile world, and this leads to dubious and uncharacteristic changes in behavior, personality, decision-making, function, and mood. Certain symptoms that are often associated with depression may be observed in patients who are cognitively impaired but not depressed. Professionals must be aware of all the symptoms the patient is experiencing, and reports from family members must also be taken into account. The patient usually reports fewer negative feelings or mood problems than are identified by caregivers. Patients often attempt to cover up their disease by modifying the behaviors of others, rather than identifying their own inevitable retrogression. Fears of the unknown, fears of abandonment, lowered frustration tolerance, and loss of impulse control may result in problematic behavior. Also, appropriate behavior may simply be forgotten, and faces of family members and friends unfamiliar. However, the victim of Alzheimer’s often denies these symptoms. More obvious, even to themselves are the expression of emotions such as panic and deprivation. Experiences such as early retirement and anticipated changes in the responsibilities of daily life are never realized. The inability to drive a car is especially painful and frustrating for some. Self-esteem and sense of worth plummet. Individuals with Alzheimer’s lose their capability to plan, postpone, wait, or predict the outcomes of their actions. Family members very often fail to attribute losses similar to those previously me ntioned to a disease. They tend to deny the existence of the disease. Family members may go through a period of denial in which they make excuses for the patient, attributing the problems they encounter to normal aging, stress, etc. Alzheimer’s disease creates new demands on the family, who have to adopt numerous roles. The parent, once the primary caregiver to their children, is now like a child receiving care. Each family member defines the situation differently, but display common management behaviors that will be discussed further. Within these similar stages of management, reflection of individual attitudes is obvious due to unique interpretations of the stages. The spouse is usually the primary caregiver of the patient, but when unable to provide the care necessary, an adult child is the most likely candidate. These adult children fear that the disease terrorizing their family and destroying a loved one will be hereditary. Negative behavior changes that are undergone by the victim have major effects on the caregiver. Mental health and life satisfaction of the caregiver seem to decrease rapidly, but according to Lisa Gwyther (1994), the key to minimizing these effects is to strategically change responses by the human and physical environment. Changing the responses of the outside world, rather than attempting to change the responses of the individual with the disease helps to organize difficult changes. Experienced spouses and wise families learn to distract the patient rather than confront them on their shortcomings. They should learn to enrich the victims’ pleasure in each moment, spurring preserved memories and skills to maintain the victims’ positive feelings of competence, belonging, productivity, and self-esteem. Consistent reassurance and unconditional love are vital to peace and harmony within the family. The patient experiences degeneration of short-term memory, which often results in misplacement of objects and forgetting the names of familiar people. They have irrational or imaginary fears that make them suspicious of those closest to them, and they may accuse others of theft and/or infidelity. This is a source of increased frustration, confusion, distress, and irritability on the part of both the patient and the family. As a result, those involved may rely on alcohol and drugs to alleviate the stresses of coming to terms with the disease. Many families of victims either fail to seek, or do not receive a correct medical diagnosis. They tend to become over-involved and angry, stages necessary in the process of adjustment. The family members attempt to counterweigh the losses experienced by the patient, because the deterioration is beginning to become obvious. Their anger, not necessarily with the patient, stems from the burden, embarrassment, and frustrations caused by the patient’s behavior. Burden is reported to be highest in this phase of mild dementia. When the spouse is the primary caregiver (in comparison with adult children or others), care is more complete, and less stress, conflict, and ambivalence are observed. Spouses tend to look for activities, or ways of interpreting the patients behavior, that allow for a continuing adult relationship, rather than a parent- child one, which may belittle the patient. Psychological stress results from conflict between resentment, anger, ambivalence, and guilt, self-blame, and the pain of watching a loved one deteriorate. Caregivers also report physical fatigue from providing care to their regressing loved one. Of all of these, the most difficult is performing the basic daily activities for the patient, and coping with upsetting behavior. Proactive approaches towards treatment of the disease involve the conscious decision that success is possible, both for the patient and family- unfortunately this is something that most afflicted individuals realize too late. In addition, the victims of Alzheimer’s may or may not respond to certain types of intervention. A patient may react to one type of treatment one minute and not the next. Immediate, observable changes in patient and family behavior, function, and mood were noted when caregivers learned to separate the resolution of the problem from the intention of the patient. For example, rather than confronting a patient or assigning blame when an object is lost, the caregiver replaces the item the patient claimed â€Å"stolen†. In this way, unnecessary stress and tension are eliminated for both patient and caregiver. Each family member experiences a similar process of coming to terms with the changes. This process includes three stages: describing how the victim is the same, and/or different, prior to disease onset, rewriting the individuality of the victim, and redefining the relationship with the victim. During the first stage, family members look for behaviors that still represent the victims’ â€Å"true† self, and those that the person with Alzheimer’s no longer has. In the second stage, the disease and individual with the disease must be seen as two in one. Part of the struggle in this stage is to maintain the adult identity of the victim while managing their child-like needs. Still, in the third stage of the adapting process, major problems continue to present themselves. These may include: family and social disruptions, increased marital conflicts, and employment-related difficulties. Family members are usually not aware of one-another’s viewpoints; they do not understand that they are not all seeing the victim the same way. Due to the fact that they are not all having the same type of relationship with the victim, paths towards the common goal of attaining highest level of function for the victim may be divided. As a result, the more effort individual family members put into achieving this goal, the more conflict is created. However, it individuals voice their different perspectives and encourage discussion, this may allow the family to function as a complete whole. Understanding between family members can be coupled with social support groups’ ideas about the disease. A social network may be effective in protecting individuals with terminal diseases from some of the negative effects. An active organization, The Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA) established a network of individuals and families affected with dementia. The speed at which this network is growing is clear evidence of the need for more groups like it. Information sharing, encouragement, and provision of social support are among the top objectives of such groups. A committee at the St. Louis Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association developed Project Esteem to provide emotional intervention for people with Alzheimer’s in the Forgetful phase. Its purpose is to provide opportunities to share thoughts and feelings with peers and professionals, and to have some fun. It came about as two separate groups, one being individuals with Alzheimer’s and the other, caregivers. Reported feelings related to dementia from both groups include: anger, anxiety, stress, acceptance, and frustration. The number of individuals who report negative feelings greatly outweigh those of acceptance. At initial meetings, bonding is established through the sharing of early memory experiences. Gradually, comfort comes from knowing that the victims are not alone; there are others with the same limitations. The realization that the victims are ordinary people with a chronic illness, rather than an uncontrollable mental illness, is comforting. Overall, the most effective coping occurs when the individual recognizes their own mental change, realizes the diagnosis, and deals with the unexpected attitudes of others. Benefits of group support in this early stage of Alzheimer’s are considerable. Individuals sharing similar situations gain insight and encouragement through verbal exchange; when real world suggestions were needed, and non- verbally; when words were simply not accessible. However, as word comprehension and creation becomes increasingly difficult, the individual enters a new stage of disease development. Short-term memory, orientation, and concentration are now severely impaired. Throughout this stage, remote memory, intellectual functioning, comprehension, and judgement decline steadily. Ability to care for one’s self also declines, and sleep patterns are altered; this is a severe blow to the patient’s independence and self-esteem. The patient then becomes suspicious and paranoid, even of those closest to them. Likelihood of involvement in accidents at home and abuse of medication increase. Behaviors may include night wandering, night shouting, and nocturnal micturition (night- time urination). Obviously, traditional family behaviors and interactive patterns realize drastic alteration. Family members begin to feel guilty for their impatience and intolerance of the patient, even though many of the demands of the patient are unrealistic and illogical. A major problem for those closest to the patient is readjusting expectations of the patient and themselves. Changes and problematic behavior become a source of stress during this phase, but overall limitation and conflict is reported to decrease, which may simply be the result of institutionalization of the victim. Use of drugs is found to be twice as high in care-givers as in community subjects, and care-givers often let their own health deteriorate. Particularly for the spouse’s caregivers, social isolation becomes an issue of psychological well being. Lack of time, energy, and interest in social activities becomes prominent as the deterioration of the patient increases. In one study, spouses of patients exhibited higher levels of stress, in comparison to adult children caregivers; but husbands, in comparison to wives, report fewer burdens, and are more willing to admit the difficulty of the tasks at hand and seek out professional help. Adult male children are as likely as women are to assist their parents, but the men appeared to have the ability to distance themselves from the aging parent. This physical and emotional separation seemed to lower the amount of guilt felt by the men. Possibly because of these differing abilities to deal with the disease, there is often conflict between family members as to how to care for the victim. Two broad coping techniques of family members of Alzheimer victims are: (1) Distancing techniques and (2) Enmeshing techniques. Distancing techniques (as discussed earlier) involve establishing distance between the patient and caregiver both emotionally and physically. Enmeshing techniques involve the intensification of the relationship, and often the exclusion of others. This option is usually observed in cases where the spouse is the primary caregiver. Apparently, it is very difficult for spouses who use the Enmeshing technique to become involved in social support groups. Social support is a proven mediator and alleviator of family stress and patient dejection. Adult day care programs provide respite for family members, and allow the patient to interact with individuals with similar conditions. Generally, the patients see the support group as being most helpful in the areas of information sharing and peer support. This information and assistance may help determine the strength of the individual in last stages of the disease. This phase is the final stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Mental deterioration is complete; many patients are completely unaware of, or unable to respond to their surroundings. The patients are totally dependent on others for all aspects of daily living. The patient will, most likely, not identify family and friends, and may not communicate at all. Paranoia, agitation, and combativeness increase significantly, if the patient is able to display these emotions at all. He/she eventually becomes extremely weak, incontinent, non-ambulatory and bedridden. It has been hypothesized that at least some of the premorbid changes in strength and weakness may be predicted from changes observed in the earlier stages. Descriptions by caregivers of premorbid personality traits of the victim are similar to symptoms of depression, hallucinations, and delusions. It is during this stage that most victims are admitted to an institution for professional care. Several behavioral problems such as aggression and wandering appear to increase as individuals are moved from the community to nursing homes. Acceptance of this disturbing disease comes very slowly to the family members. The disease’s sly onset and the original appearance by the victim of retention of regular physical vigor make acceptance increasingly difficult. As the disease progresses further and further, the changes that occur for the victim become increasingly obvious and family members tend to define the situation more similarly than in previous, seemingly inconspicuous stages. The grieving process is lengthy, because the death of the person is long before the death of the physical body. Although the loved one is long gone, their shell lives on. At some point during this stage, the spouse must undergo the final challenge of marital evaluation. Because the patient does not recognize anyone, the spouse is totally alone, but not single. Obtaining a divorce often creates many difficult legal issues. Many caregivers need assistance coping with the guilt of â€Å"abandoning† their spouse when placing them in a nursing home. Thus, financial problems come into the picture. Paying for nursing home services is difficult, as all effort in previous years has been put into caring for the patient. Relatives of deceased victims can be compared to those whose family member is still living. Wives and husbands display similar feelings of burden, but the husbands report more social limitations. On the contrary, sons and daughters are different in their descriptions of burden. Sons report less social limitations than daughters do, and less affective limitation when the demented parents had died. The sons of the deceased elderly also report less conflict with others than the daughters do. The need for individual support for the caregiver and family of the deceased is important, especially at this stage of sorrow. There may also be a sense of relief and release, as the extensive suffering of a loved one has finally ended. The empty body, which once contained a loved one, can finally be put to rest. Help and support from the staff at institutions with dealing with the grief of the final loss of a loved one is valuable and most definitely appreciated. Alzheimer’s Disease is a ceaseless debilitating disease without known cause or cure. Deterioration of mental and physical processes is inevitable, but varies between individuals- the cause for this variance has only been looked at hypothetically. It is a terrifying disease for the victim, who is constantly aware of the losses that are occurring, but can do nothing to prevent the disease from proceeding on its deadly course. Family members respond to the disease within certain guidelines, but the attitude towards the different stages differs for all involved. Social support systems have proven extremely effective for both the victim and caregiver in the Forgetful phase of the illness. From that point on, influence on patients decreases significantly, but personal gain for caregivers continues. There is an evident need for publicly funded support for Alzheimer’s disease victims and their families. The obvious lack of information concerning the symptoms and results of the disease show the necessity for incorporation of education and support into intervention strategies for caregivers. Evaluation of a patient with possible dementia requires a complete medical history, neurologic evaluation, and physical examination. At the present time, no diagnostic tests for Alzheimer’s are available in laboratories. It is simply a diagnosis based on elimination of other diseases. There is great need for a biological marker that would confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s in a living patient. Rapid progress has been made in identifying a potential genetic marker that could be used to diagnose the disease without autopsy, biopsy, or extended evaluations. Potential disadvantages of this approach would be the reluctance of both patients and physicians to have lumbar punctures done, and the potential overlap of normal patients and Alzheimer sufferers. These potential markers are a glimpse of light at the end of a dark tunnel. Metaphorically, Alzheimer’s can be seen as a house that is constantly being eaten by termites, from the inside out. Although the house may look the same on the outside, the very foundation of the house, the part that makes it a home, deteriorates. Attempts to stop the decay are futile and, at best, temporary. Eventually, one will not feel comfortable at home, and will most likely leave the home- possibly for someone else to deal with. This relief is also temporary. The eating away of the house continues, until it eventually topples into an unrecognizable heap of what used to be a home. This feeling was best described by one individual in the middle stages of the disease: â€Å"†¦(J)ust a wild lost world. I’m here but I don’t know where I am†. How to cite Alzheimer’s Disease, Essay examples

Heavy Tax Essay Research Paper Have you free essay sample

Heavy Tax Essay, Research Paper Have you paid your revenue enhancements yet? Why are revenue enhancements so important for a state? Because revenue enhancements are the chief grosss of the authorities and merely like a male parent has to work and acquire wage to back up the household, revenue enhancements support the growth and the maintaining of the state. Bing one of the indispensable incomes of a province, revenue enhancements surely affect people? ? s life. In fact, different rates of revenue enhancements cause different sorts of jobs to the society. For illustration, inordinate heavy rate of revenue enhancements might do a state to pervert, and highly light rate of revenue enhancements might do rising prices. If a state have heavy revenue enhancement rates, people will lend less disbursement, acquire lazy on the work, furthermore, the homeless will over rely on the societal benefit, and as a consequence, the society will endure from all these effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Heavy Tax Essay Research Paper Have you or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Imagine that you are in an all-new state name Sonoma. Peoples that live in this state have the same sort of life criterion like what we enjoy now, but merely with the revenue enhancement rate that is twice every bit high as ours. With this high rate of revenue enhancements, the first job that will get is that monetary values will increase. The monetary values of gifts, apparels, picture games, computing machines, film tickets and everything we can obtain in the shopping promenade are raised. Consequently, the people in Sonoma won? ? T have excessively much excess money to pass on wares. With this job along with the state for a long clip, shopping promenades might get down to fire employees that Don? ? t perform every bit good ; more people might lose their occupations as clip base on ballss. The consequence might coerce the state? ? s economic system into a depression. Now, if there are a batch of people that Don? ? T have a occupation, they will go homeless. And with this inordinate revenue enhancement rate, there will be a batch of societal plans for this state. With the assisting custodies of the authorities, the homeless will drop their pride and have the benefits that are provided by the community. They will go so rely on the societal benefit and won? ? t attempt to acquire a occupation. They might still populate with the societal benefit, but for their kids, they won? ? T acquire a opportunity to travel to college or survey for a higher grade. The following coevals will merely obtain the instruction that the province could supply them ; twelve old ages of public instruction and go high school alumnuss. Another premise of the consequence of heavy rate revenue enhancements is that workers might acquire lazy. However, this consequence can non be linked with the old two effects. As everyone knows, most states in the universe use the proportion revenue enhancement rate system, which means that people with higher income are required to pay more revenue enhancements. With the expected effect of paying more revenue enhancements when wages rise, people? ? s purpose of working difficult and acquiring more wages will drop. Peoples know that if they earn more money, they are traveling to pay a higher portion of revenue enhancement, and without a uncertainty, no 1s would wish to lend more to the authorities than what they are required to. Therefore, people will merely acquire lazy and bask an easier life. Taxs have turn out to be one of the most loads in people? ? s life ; no 1 can get away from it. From long ago, it is illegal for non to paying the revenue enhancements because the whole state and the following coevals have depended on the revenue enhancements. As you can see, both of heavy rate revenue enhancements or light rate revenue enhancements are link to legion jobs and the concluding consequence will do one state to pervert. Don? ? t even think about non to pay the revenue enhancements because of the personal advantage.

Mirage by Camel free essay sample

The only band that comes close to Pink Floyd style. Camel is a band much like everyone except Rush, comes from the UK and was in the classic prog rock era of the 70s. Mirage is one of their most popular albums of all time, if not, the one. Mirage also brings something interesting to the table as well, using more instrumental sessions and creating a more desert atmosphere that no one else could pull off. 7 tracks are what it take for this album and most range in the five/six minute range but one is about nine minutes and the last track, Lady Fantasy, is 28 minutes long making for one heck of an epic. You may notice the high level of repeating segments and riffs in this album as well, especially in Lady Fantasy, but that just adds to the atmosphere but that much more. I dont see that issue if you have it. We will write a custom essay sample on Mirage by Camel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you like reading, especially the Kane Chronicles by Rick Riordan, you will love this as a backdrop for your reading so try it out sometime. But if you dont just listen to it and all its glory, and theres alot if glory in this album. I have to firmly give this a clean 8.5/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Compare and contrast Ancient Egyptian and Mayan civilisations Essays

Compare and contrast Ancient Egyptian and Mayan civilisations Essays Compare and contrast Ancient Egyptian and Mayan civilisations Paper Compare and contrast Ancient Egyptian and Mayan civilisations Paper To the eyes of a 21st century westerner, the developments of the ancient Egyptians seem manifestly more impressive that those of the Mayans over two thousand years later. Yet it is important to note the fact that there is no real benefit in dating the achievements of these peoples, as there is no reason that they should have developed earlier or later than one another, the date is relative to the region and environment in which the culture develops. In fact whilst Mayan agriculture is considered, compared with that of the Egyptians, relatively primitive; the fact that they managed to farm at all under those conditions is testament to a highly developed society. In fact, it has recently come to the fore that Mayan agriculture may have been more highly developed than archaeologists had expected, for example the argument put forward by Moreley in 1946 that agriculture in Maya cultures was a simple process of slash and burn has now been almost entirely rejected. It would seem that certain differences between cultures could be accounted for by faults in the archaeological process. The idea that Mayan agriculture was of a simple slash and burn nature is indeed a direct fault of archaeologists reluctance to let go of certain theses and theories. This idea of the primitive nature of Mayan agriculture is part of the Swidden theory; something which many who studied in the field clung to despite overwhelming evidence to suggest that Mayan agriculture was far more developed than the theory allowed for. In fact a study of the Mayan lowlands shows use of raised fields or bajos, whose use in other developed parts of Mesoamerica has been widely emphasised, whereas their existence in the Maya territories has been ignored. There is also evidence for the use of terraced farming in the region, and also complex irrigation networks, which was almost certainly omitted from archaeological reports, as they did not fit in with the widely accepted Swidden theory. It would seem that the conservative nature of a few archaeological studies is accountable for many of the differences that we see between the great ancient civilisations. It is however, necessary that the study of archaeology should be carried out in this particularly conservative fashion, for if we were to accept all theories as possibly correct then it would be almost impossible to carry out historical analysis of archaeological theses. It is for this reason that some of the apparent differences between Mayan and Egyptian cultures appear, the advancement of agriculture is just one of those domains. Yet this is not entirely surprising considering the conditions in which studies must be carried out, for the rainforests of Guatemala are considerably harder to study than the land of the Nile Valley. This causes more gaps to appear in the history and culture of the Maya, parts of Mayan life that are difficult to understand due to the tendency of the rainforest to swallow up what is left there. Therefore, studies on Egyptian agriculture could be carried out in the 1800s from the ground, and also from the study of papyrus texts preserved by the dry climate. Whereas the bajos and terracing of the Maya are unperceivable until one looks at an overview from the air. As these means were inaccessible to archaeologists in the late 1800s, certain incorrect views and theories were formed, and adopted as almost sacrosanct until recent studies proved them to be wrong. So it would seem that the nature and location of the site has a direct impact upon what we know and understand about ancient cultures. As a consequence of this, a comparative study of the two cultures involved only hopes to compare the different ideas of what these cultures may have been like. This is especially true of the Mayans, whose treasures are far more closely hidden and less accessible than those of the ancient Egyptians. These anomalies aside however, there are undoubtedly a remarkable amount of similarities between these two cultures which cannot be ignored. The first similarity I would like to talk about is that which immediately springs to mind, architecture. The question of the similarities of the architecture, and also the purpose for which they built in this fashion, is of great interest to archaeologists. The most notable examples of architectural similarities is in the early step pyramids of Egypt and the later Mayan temples. This is displayed when looking at the structure and purpose of the Temple of Inscriptions at Palenque, and the step pyramid at Saqqara. Although built around 3,400 years apart, the buildings are outwardly similar in appearance and indeed both served as burial chambers for the Great Kings of their time. Although the discovery of the burial chamber inside the Temple of inscriptions was, in fact, hidden for quite some time after the temple was discovered. The temple was believed at first to be for the purpose of presenting propaganda to the nearby population. This was an important part of Mayan politics, where inscriptions on public buildings were often the only media for proving the Kings lineage to the ancient Olmec civilisation. Once the burial chamber was found, opinions changed over the similarities between the Mayas and the Egyptians as pyramids emerged from both cultures as a means of protecting the dead kings. Once again there is great controversy over the apparently bizarre coincidence of these two cultures developing such similar traits in environments. If we look at it in the most logical sense it would seem that the two cultures had the same environmental problems to overcome, therefore both cultures were forced to understand their surroundings extremely well. In turn this caused them to look further away from what they could actually physically come into contact with, and look to factors which could affect their fortunes. This led eventually to the study of the stars and of the movement of the sun and moon, the Egyptians looked more towards the sun and their god Ri. In fact it is accepted that these two aspects of life were of supreme importance to the ancient Egyptians, as outlined by Rosaline David: The relation of the Egyptian to his god and to the whol cosmic order was the corner stone of society. The way in which the pyramids of Egypt are aligned is for the purpose of sending the king on his journey around the world and underworld, this would follow the same course as the sun and as such exist on an East-West axis. The height and structure of the pyramids was such that the buildings would be symmetrical along their axes and also be clearly visible from their surroundings. It is also suggested that the Mayan pyramids are in celestial alignment, in accordance with the map of the sky at a certain point in the year. This theory is a little more tenuous, yet is attractive to those who wish to present a relation between the two cultures. We also see great similarities in the way in which the cultures used art, both in their glyphs and in their artwork. Both Egyptian and Mayan art is centred on anthropomorphisms, possibly testament to the fact that both had strong links to the land. Study of these drawings shows particular emphasis on the deadly animals which existed in their areas, serpents and large cats being strongly associated with anthropomorphic gods. To explain these similarities it is perhaps the task of not only archaeologists, but also zoologists, botanists and geologists. And it was a combination of these groups who unwillingly composed perhaps the most controversial of all the theories presented for the explanation of similarities between the two cultures. That is that there was once contact between the ancient Egyptian and early Mesoamerican civilisations. The theory stems from the presence of both nicotine and cocaine in the body of Henut Taui, and other mummified remains of Egyptian royalty. These drugs are only available from the lands of South and central America, and it has been suggested that there was some form of trades link between the two countries. This theory has been mostly rejected on the grounds that it implies a sort of cultural arrogance. Yet archaeology attempt to explain both the similarities and differences between the two civilisations. Where we see great diversity between the Egyptians and the Mayans however, is in the organisation of the societies. For example, in Mayan civilisation there was no room for social movement; whereas it was reasonably common for men of lowly birth to rise in the Egyptian social structure. Although it is also true that the Egyptians differed greatly from the Mayans in their organisation, having made almost a modern capital from Memphis, in which a bureaucracy operated outside of the Pharaohs appointment. The Mayans used a much more traditional system of feudalism that operated on a less bureaucratic level. Archaeologists have tried to account for this development in Egyptian culture by the claim that they were visited by what were known as newcomers around 3,400 B. C who brought new enlightened ideas which were incorporated into Egyptian thinking. This arrival is depicted on the ivory sword handle of Gebel el-Arak, which shows the arrival of a race similar to the Mesopotamians. It is inevitable that between to cultures in such differing parts of the world, there will exist certain differences and similarities. To look at the two cultures, it would appear that the Egyptians, by western standards were further developed than the Mayans who still practised sacrifices and blood letting even at the end of their period. Yet archaeologists have little difficulty in explaining the reasons for these differences, as there is no reason why the two cultures should emerge in a way that resembles the other. I believe that what causes the most controversy and the most interesting argument is the existence of deep similarities between these ancient and extinct peoples. It is more the archaeologists task to present an account for these similarities than it is to ponder on the differences. Bibliography Rise and Fall of Maya Civilisation J. Eric. S. Thompson University of Oklahoma press The Blood of Kings L. Schele M. E. Miller Thames and Hudson Printed in Great Britain The Ancient Egyptians Religious beliefs and practices A. R. David RKP Editor: John K. Hinnells Printed in Great Britain The Splendour that was Egypt M. A. Murray Sidgewick and Jackson Limited Printed in Great Britain Equinox-Chanel 4- 8 September 1996 The Mystery of the Cocaine Mummies A TF1 (France) and Channel 4 production.

Vanadium Facts (V or Atomic Number 23)

Vanadium Facts (V or Atomic Number 23) Vanadium (atomic number 23 with symbol V) is one of the transition metals. Youve probably never encountered it in pure form, but it is found in some types of steel. Here are essential element facts about vanadium and its atomic data. Fast Facts: Vanadium Element Name: VanadiumElement Symbol: VAtomic Number: 23Group: Group 5 (Transition Metal)Period: Period 4Appearance: Blue-gray metalDiscovery: Andrà ©s Manuel del Rà ­o (1801) Vanadium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 23 Symbol: V Atomic Weight: 50.9415 Discovery: Depending who you ask: del Rà ­o 1801 or Nils Gabriel Sefstrom 1830 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d3 Word Origin: Vanadis, a Scandinavian goddess. Named after the goddess because of vanadiums beautiful multicolored compounds. Isotopes: There are 20 known isotopes of vanadium ranging from V-23 to V-43. Vanadium has only one stable isotope: V-51. V-50 is nearly stable with a half-life of 1.4 x 1017 years. Natural vanadium is a mostly a mixture of the two isotopes, vanadium-50 (0.24%) and vanadium-51 (99.76%). Properties: Vanadium has a melting point of 1890/-10 °C, boiling point of 3380 °C, specific gravity of 6.11 (18.7 °C), with a valence of 2, 3, 4, or 5. Pure vanadium is a soft, ductile bright white metal. Vanadium has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and saltwater, but it oxidizes readily at temperatures exceeding 660 °C. The metal has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section. Vanadium and all of its compounds are toxic and should be handled with care. Uses: Vanadium is used in nuclear applications, for producing rust-resistant spring and high-speed tool steels, and as a carbide stabilizer in making steels. Approximately 80% of the vanadium that is produced is used as a steel additive or ferrovanadium. Vanadium foil is used as a bonding agent for cladding steel with titanium. Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst, as a mordant for dyeing and printing fabrics, in the manufacture of aniline black, and in the ceramics industry. Vanadium-gallium tape is used to produce superconducting magnets. Sources: Vanadium occurs in approximately 65 minerals, including vanadinite, carnotite, patronite, and roscoelite. It is also found in certain iron ores and phosphate rock and in some crude oils as organic complexes. Vanadium is found in small percentages in meteorites. High purity ductile vanadium may be obtained by reducing vanadium trichloride with magnesium or a magnesium-sodium mixture. Vanadium metal also may be produced by calcium reduction of V2O5 in a pressure vessel. Vanadium  Physical Data Element Classification: Transition MetalDensity (g/cc): 6.11Electronegativity: 1.63Electron Affinity: 50.6 kJ/molMelting Point (K): 2160Boiling Point (K): 3650Appearance: soft, ductile, silvery-white metalAtomic Radius (pm): 134Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.35Covalent Radius (pm): 122Ionic Radius: 59 (5e) 74 (3e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.485Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 17.5Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 460Debye Temperature (K): 390.00Pauling Negativity Number: 1.63First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 650.1Oxidation States: 5, 4, 3, 2, 0Lattice Structure: Body-Centered CubicLattice Constant (Ã…): 3.020CAS Registry: 7440-62-2 Vanadium Trivia Vanadium was initially discovered in 1801 by the Spanish-Mexican mineralogist Andres Manuel del Rà ­o. He extracted the new element from a sample of lead ore and found salts formed a multitude of colors. His original name for this colorful element was panchromium, meaning all colors.del Rio renamed his element erythronium (Greek for red) because the crystals of vanadium would turn red upon heating.The French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils claimed del Rà ­os element was actually chromium. del Rà ­o retracted his discovery claim.Swedish chemist Nils Sefstrà ¶m rediscovered the element in 1831 and named the element vanadium after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty Vanadis.Vanadium compounds are all toxic. Toxicity tends to increase with oxidation state.The first commercial use of vanadium steel was the chassis of the Ford Model T.Vanadium is paramagnetic.The abundance of vanadium in the Earths crust is 50 parts per million.The abundance of vanadium in seawater is 0.18 par ts per billion. Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5) is used as a catalyst in the Contact Process to manufacture sulfuric acid.Vanadium is found in the proteins known as vanabins. Some sea species of sea cucumbers and sea squirts have yellow blood because of the vanabins in their blood. Sources Featherstonhaugh, George William (1831). New Metal, provisionally called Vanadium. The Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science: 69.Marden, J. W.; Rich, M. N. (1927). Vanadium. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 19 (7): 786–788. doi:10.1021/ie50211a012Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut, eds. (1995). Vanadium and Its Role in Life. Metal Ions in Biological Systems. 31. CRC. ISBN 978-0-8247-9383-8.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Electricity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Electricity - Assignment Example Franklin's key contribution to the understanding of electricity was his discovery that lightning shared similar characteristics as the electricity that was found in rubbed amber by the ancient Greeks. Franklin's work was situated at around 1752, whereas the work of the ancient Greeks extend way back into the early history of western civilization, to the time of the flowering of Ancient Greek literature and philosophy (The Electricity Forum, 2012). Meanwhile, work on the early modern history of electricity exists that date back to 1769, testifying to the jump starting of the science of electricity generation not too long after Franklin's work with lightning (Priestley, 1769; Tom Henry's Code Electrical Classes Inc., 2012). Volta and Galvani would advance the understanding of electricity even further, by giving to the world the understanding of how electricity works in the context of Galvani's experiment with frogs. Volta's understanding of the way electric current is made from Galvani 's frog experiments would drive the field forward. Volta understood that when two metal conductors contact water/moisture in frog bodies, electricity was generated. This insight paved the way for the creation of the first modern batteries, in 1792. Moreover, another important derivation of Volta's work on electricity is that of the ability of electricity to travel through conductor wires (The Electricity Forum, 2012): In this way, a new kind of electricity was discovered, electricity that flowed steadily like a current of water instead of discharging itself in a single spark or shock. Volta showed that electricity could be made to travel from one place to another by wire, thereby making an important contribution to the science of electricity. The unit of electrical potential, the Volt, is named after Volta (The Electricity Forum, 2012) On the other hand, whereas Volta demonstrated electricity transfer by wire, the development of large-scale transmission of electricity is credited to Michael Faraday. Faraday inverted the hypothesis that electricity is able to generate magnetism, and posited that magnetism could also bring about the generation of electricity, a hypothesis that was proven to be correct from his own experimental setups. The answer to Faraday's problem of generating electricity with the use of magnets lay in setting the magnets into motion. He was able to then show that magnetic fields in motion set into play the dynamics of electricity generation in this fashion. Four decades from that work by Faraday, on the other hand, Thomas Edison would set in motion the experiments that would bring about the production of the electric DC generator on a scale that could be considered practical. It was with DC electricity that Edison first lit up his experimental transmission and lighting infrastructure in New York and in his lab. On the other hand, while the Edison setup was functional, DC current faced many criticisms of its shortcomings, which led to AC elec tricity being developed and eyed as a more suitable mode of electricity generation and transmission on large scales (The Electricity Forum, 2012). The work of Edison deserves special mention for the vast number of peripheral

Employee Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Motivation - Essay Example According to the study during the author's first week at X Corporation, he was assigned to a group of ten individuals, and thier role was to do direct marketing for a product the company was test running. Six of them were on permanent employment terms while the other four were remunerated on commission basis. The campaign was to run for four weeks. The product they were to test run is an everyday commodity and was easy to market. That means the four commission guys were earning almost ten times more than us, since their commission was billed per product. During the first two weeks of marketing, average sales for the team were at par. We were all pushing product at a very high rate, and the commission guys were making a kill. However, as they entered the third week, sales for the four commission guys started to plummet. They would show up late for work, and other times express rudeness to clients who were not quick to understand, what the product was all about.This research stresses t hat  in a week’s time, the company would push the product through television, and other mass media and their services would no longer be needed.   One of them told me that he would be willing to trade his huge commission for a more secure role at the company.  This scenario resonates with an article on employee motivation published in the November 26th 2013 Issue of Forbes magazine on employee motivation.

The Future of Bachelor Prepared Nurses Essay Example for Free

The Future of Bachelor Prepared Nurses Essay Registered nurses are increasingly recognized as leaders in transforming the health care system . Nurses need to meet the demand for prevention, wellness and primary care services, with a focus on improving quality and managing costs. In addition to their clinical expertise, they are being sought out to serve in a variety of new roles, such as care coordinators, wellness coaches, and also in leadership roles. A bachelor degree prepares nurses for advancement in their profession, in todays world most Assistant Nurse managers(ANM) and Nurse Managers(NM) require a bachelor or masters in nursing. Having a bachelor degree also provides an opportunity to educate future nurses and help develop leadership ability. (Chitty Black, 2011). Goals for Achieving a Bachelors in Nursing The goals for a bachelors educated professional nurse are to apply leadership concepts, skills, and decision making in the nursing practice, integrating this knowledge to deliver safe and effective nursing care. Demonstrating critical thinking with a critical decision making for the delivery of a competent, evidence-based, holistic and compassionate care to patients across the life span, always serving as an advocate for health promotion and disease prevention to patients and their families. (Chitty Black, 2011) . As patients become sicker and technology develops increasingly, the demands of the nurse are becoming greater. An essential ability for a bachelor prepared nurse is the skill of critical thinking, making decisions and solving problems in actual setting and seeking guidance when needed. Improving Patient Safety Staffing nurses with higher levels of education has been linked to better patient outcomes. Studies show that for every 10% increase in bachelor prepared nurses on a hospital staff there was a 4% decrease risk of death for patients. The same study also showed a significantly lower mortality  rate for patients who were treated by nurses prepared at a minimum of the bachelor level. (AACN, 2012) Magnet Hospitals and Bachelors Degrees Hospital employers across the country are currently making policy decisions that require the nurses they hire to have bachelor degree or require them to obtain a four year degree within a set time limit. Nurse workforce education is a factor in achieving magnet status. Magnet hospitals are recognized for nursing excellence and superior patient outcomes. In the October 2012 issue of Medical Care, researches from the University of Pennsylvania found that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had fourteen percent lower odds of inpatient death within 30 days and 12% lower odds of failure to recover compared with patients cared for in non-magnet hospitals. The study concludes that these better outcomes were attributed to highly qualified and educated nurses, with a bachelor or higher degree. (AACN, 2012) Workforce Requirements for Nurses The American Nurses Association (ANA) believes that bachelor in nursing education is necessary to prepare the nursing workforce for the challenges of a complex and changing health care system and reaffirms that baccalaureate education should be the standard for entry into professional nursing practice. (Chitty Black, 2011) The desire to learn and keep abreast of new developments in the field of nursing is and expected characteristic of the bachelor prepared nurse. Professional, financial autonomy and career advancement are directly correlated with higher education. Also the process of education to achieve a BSN degree is more intensive, nurses receive more knowledge regarding the services require to give excellent nursing care. References Chitty, K., Black, B. (2011). Professional nursing: concepts challenges. (6th ed.). Maryland Heights: Saunders Elsevier. American Association of Colleges of Nursing, AACN, (2012, October 24). Creating a More Highly Qualified Workforce. Retrieved from (http://www.aacn.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-worforce)

Eating Disorders :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different types of eating disorders in our world today and many suffer from them. Young women, and the reason is unknown, are the main targets (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 147). I believe young women are more apt because of the ideal media, newspapers, magazines, etc. That's how they feel they need to live up to, and also they are more emotional and are in that stage of life where things like this matter a lot. There are two very common eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is characterized by a person with a body weight less than 85% of what is considered normal weight. Anorexics have a fear of being fat (Sonder, ). Anorexics limit their food intake, which is the same thing as starvation. A person who is anorexic continues to diet even when they are bone thin. They are never satisfied with their appearance. They engage in excessive exercising and long depressions, these are just some of the danger signals that anorexics show. This self-starving behavior can lead to sever emancipation or even death. Anorexics see normal fat (folds of flesh) on the body as fat that needs to be eliminated. They often find sleeping and resting a discomfort because they have lost their normal body fat. Victims of this serious disorder tend to further from family and friends. They want to be isolated. There are many dangers from starving yourself. The body tends to slow down or even stop certain body processes, your blood pressure may fall, breathing rate may drop, and menstruation also stops. They thyroid gland disappears, and this is the gland that regulates your growth. Your nails and hair become brittle, you skin is dry, and you suffer form light headiness, constipation, and swelling of the joints. When fat is reduced, the body temperature begins to fall, and soft hair forms on the body for warmth. Your body chemicals may also be so imbalanced, heart failure may occur. People who suffer from bulimia nervosa also want to be thin, but they do it in a different fashion called binging and purging (Sonder, ). Binging is when a person will eat a bunch of food, exceeding normal calorie intake. Purging is the way they get rid of it. This way you are still able to eat and then still be thin, but this is very dangerous and can often be deadly.

Reaction Paper of the Movie Rizal Essay

The movie Jose Rizal which was excellently played by Cesar Montano as the lead role was a heart-warming one that shows how Rizal runs his life. While watching the movie, I felt mixed emotions given the fact that it was made to help us, Filipinos, understand what our national hero had done for the country. It shows how Rizal really love his mother country for him to sacrificed his own life. The film also works through a series of flashback showing Rizal as a genius, a write, a doctor, an artist, a lover, a friend, a brother, a son that gives texture to his character. It shows the great explanation of the Philippine history, the nationalism and heroism in a non-violent manner, though, there were times that the characters speak in Spanish language and I couldn’t understand it unless I will read the subtitles. I could also say that the other characters weren’t having any difficulties in reciting their Spanish lines. The actors’ dedication for the film is inevitable e specially Cesar Montano who is very perfect for the role of Rizal. His values and great performance as the lead actor is impeccable and has a great impact on me as the audience of the said film. Also, the supporting casts like Jhong Hilario who played as Rizal’s servant, Jaime Fabregas as Rizal’s attorney did a great job on portraying their role fluently. They made it easy for me to understand the flow of the story. However, there are also negative comments that I must say about the movie. The plot was full of twists and turns. It is confusing to watch because of too many flashbacks and you couldn’t guess whether it is still in flashback or not. Also, some scenes are brutal, and some are not suitable for young kids such as the bed scene wherein the Spanish priest with the used of his power tried to rape a Filipino woman. They should’ve cut that scene knowing that this film is not only for old-aged viewers but also to the students who are studying the life of Rizal, particularly those who have the subject El Filibusterismo and Noli me Tangere. All in all, the movie is superbly great. It was epic, melodrama and historian. There are funny, tearful, griefs; hatred scenes that would surely make you appreciate it. The characters are unforgettable. I particularly love the last scene when Rizal fell in the ground facing the sky, having his last breath look at a beautiful surprise – it only shows that Rizal did not die in vain. His death was just the beginning of everything we aim to face the Spaniards who made us suffer. After watching the film, I couldn’t help but feel the sense of pride being him as the Philippine National Hero. There is no one like Rizal. He is a legacy of what a real Filipino is.

Ethical Fashion Essay

Presessional Academic English Programme 2010 Unconditional What role,if any,does ethics play in the fashion/design industry? Ethical fashion means fashion which takes into consideration the people behind the clothes we wear,as well as the environment. When you buy some clothes, you may not consider twice about where it was originally made,by whom and under what conditions. These days people like fast fashion. Fast fashion means fashion that is fast. In other word, these clothes adapt to the latest trends quickly. It gives people satisfaction using their mentality that they want to bargain.However, we should think how can they be sold with a cheap price. Maybe fast fashion helps to boost fashion industry in a short time but It has a lot of side effects environmentally. (How to write a meaning of ethical fashion is clearly outlined in this site: http://www. fairfashion. info/de/what. html) At first, fast fashion absolutely causes pollution. In a process of manufacture, making cotton ha s an effect on using vast amount of chemicals and water. For example, The Aral Sea has begun to under-go a process of desertification. Growing cotton is one of the main reason of Aral’s loss.In addition, Pesticides have used 54% annually in India which is one of the largest cotton farm. Perilous pesticides associated with the cotton production make a water pollution. Moreover, Child labourers are exposed on the risk of pesticides through participation in cotton production. That is why it is important to keep a slow fashion(opposite of fast fashion)in our life. (Environmental Justice Foundation(n. d. ). Pesticides and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. org/page332. html) (Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Water and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. rg/page334. html) Secondly, fast fashion also damages labor environment. The power of sweatshop still exist everywhere in the world. They have no regard for worker’s rights. It happens n ot only Indian workers but also Latino workers. For instance, Aracely who is immigrant from spain has worked in the sweatshops of Los Angeles. She should know the language but this is a luxury for her. She earns only $80 in week averagely. It can’t be stretched into a living wage. When Aracely and her co-workers asked for time off on Good Friday to attend church, the owner said : â€Å"Does God give you money?If you don’t want to work,just tell me. I will find others. † They look like exactly â€Å"modern slavery†. (Mort. J. (n. d. ). Sweatshop workers speak out. In Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat. ) (Chamberlain. G. (2010) Revealed: Gap,Next and M&S. The guardian. The observer. 8th of August. ) In Conclusion, these reason are enough to explain how many problem fast fashion has. Fast fashion impacts to circumstances and other people who works for fashion industry socially. The fashion industry does not need to be this way. Recently, many companies a re trying to find ways to produce eco-friendly clothes.In addition, shopper called the Green Sumer increases steadily. Although it is to hard that fashion consumers give up to bargain, we also can do a lot by taking more ethical approach. This is a good way to go for fashion industry now and for ever. Presessional Academic English Programme 2010 Unconditional Ethical Fashion A sample of British designer Mark Liu's ‘zero waste fashion. ‘ /Courtesy of Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art Presessional Academic English Programme 2010 Unconditional Bibliography http://www. fairfashion. info/de/what. html http://www. ethicalfashionforum. com http://www. jfoundation. org/ Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Pesticides and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. org/page332. html Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Water and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. org/page334. html Orexca. com. (n. d). The History of the Aral Sea. Retrieved from http:/ /www. orexca. com/aral_sea. shtml Chamberlain. G. (2010) Revealed: Gap,Next and M. The guardian. The observer. 8th of August. Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat. Mort. J. (n. d. ). Sweatshop workers speak out. In Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat.

Why Coffee Doesnt Taste as Good as It Smells

Why Coffee Doesn't Taste as Good as It Smells Who doesnt love the smell of freshly brewed coffee? Even if you cant stand the flavor, the aroma is tantalizing. Why doesnt coffee taste as good as it smells? Chemistry has the answer. Saliva Destroys Coffee Flavor Molecules Part of the reason coffee flavor doesnt live up to the olfactory hype is because saliva destroys nearly half of the molecules responsible for the aroma. Scientists have found 300 of the 631 chemicals involved in forming the complex coffee scent are changed or digested by saliva, which contains the enzyme amylase. Bitterness Plays a Role Bitterness is a flavor the brain associates with potentially poisonous compounds. Its a sort of biochemical warning flag that discourages indulgence, at least the first time you try a new food. Most people initially dislike coffee, dark chocolate, red wine, and tea because they contain potentially toxic alcohol and  alkaloids. However, these foods also contain many healthy flavonoids and  other antioxidants, so palates learn to enjoy them. Many people who dislike black coffee enjoy it when its mixed with sugar or cream or made with a tiny amount of salt, which  removes the bitterness. Two Senses of Smell Professor Barry Smith of the Centre for the Study of the Senses at the University of London explains the primary reason coffee doesnt taste like it smells is because the brain interprets the aroma differently, depending on whether the sense is registered as coming from the mouth or from the nose. When you inhale a scent, it goes through the nose and across a sheet of chemoreceptor cells, which signal the odor to the brain. When you eat or drink food, the aroma of the food travels up the throat and across the nasoreceptor cells, but in the other direction. Scientists have learned the brain interprets the scent sensory information differently, depending on the orientation of the interaction. In other words, nose scent and mouth scent are not the same. Since flavor is largely associated with scent, coffee is bound to disappoint. You can blame your brain. Chocolate Beats Coffee While that first sip of coffee may be a bit of a letdown, there are two aromas that are interpreted the same way, whether you smell them or taste them. The first is lavender, which retains its floral scent in the mouth, yet also has a mildly soapy flavor. The other is chocolate, which tastes as good as it smells.

10 Best Romance Novels That Have Gone Underappreciated

10 Best Romance Novels That Have Gone Underappreciated 10 Best Romance Novels That Have Gone Underappreciated There are many romance novels out there. Some better than others, granted, but what makes some the best of the best? What gives them that je ne sais quoi factor we’re all craving, some of us even trying to emulate when writing a novel ourselves?I could go about this list in many different ways, but I’ve decided not to make this one a common, boring, clichà © list. No.This is not that kind of list; this will give you the best romance novels in different categories and the reasons why you’ll fall in love with them!Here are the 11 best romance novels:Slammed by Colleen HooverFangirl by Rainbow RowellThe Notebook by Nicholas SparksThe Hating Game by Sally ThorneThe Light We Lost by Jill SantopoloDance Until Dawn by Berni StevensPride and Prejudice by Jane AustenMe Before You by Jojo MoyesGone with the Wind by Margaret MitchellIt Ends with Us by Colleen HooverSimon vs The Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky AlbertalliNOTE: Ready to write your own romance novel to be making lists like this one day? Check out our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program so you can make that happen. Learn more about it hereSide note: you’ll need a big box of tissues for most of these, so be sure to grab one before you dive in!Best Romance Books Per CategoryThe answer is for pulling novels from specific categories is simple: there are far too many amazing books out there to choose from and if you’re mapping out a list of the best, you’re going to miss a few important ones.Categorizing them makes sense because you’ll be able to decide for yourself which type of book you’d enjoy more.Consequently, you’ll find the best one in each category here. Once you finish it, you’ll be able to say if you enjoy that theme or not. And if not, you’re ready to jump into one of the other picks.11 Best Romance NovelsIf youre looking for a quick read for a weekend or want to learn in order to write your own book, this list can give you some i nspiration.#1 Slammed by Colleen HooverCategory: Poetry, specifically slam poetryRomance Novel Summary: Layken, an 18-year-older student meets her new neighbour, Will. Will is 21. They have an instant connection based on their similar likes, which gives Layken hope for happier days.Once their connection is deep within you and you love them, there’s a revelation that shocks them and us, and they can’t be together. The problem is, they really want to.Why You’ll Love It: If you’re not reading it because you love slam poetry, don’t worry. You’ll love slam poetry once you’re finshed! You may even want to try your hand at writing poetry afterward.I had heard a few poems before but with this book, I became totally obsessed with slam poetry. It takes the novel to a higher level and forces us readers to connect with it a lot more. It becomes personal.It’s also easy to identify ourselves with this story because it discusses topics that we’ve all had to face, including death and grief. Colleen is a brilliant writer and she just knows how to pull your strings.Quote: â€Å"Question everything. Your love, your religion, your passion. If you dont have questions, youll never find answers.†#2 Fangirl by Rainbow RowellCategory: Young Adult RomanceRomance Novel Summary: You’ll meet Cath Avery, who has a total opposite twin sister, Wren. When they both start college, Wren tells Cath she doesn’t want to be her roommate and they should live their college experience separately.Then, one day, between her awkwardness and fan-fiction stories, she meets Levi. And then everything changes. Slowly. But it changes.Why You’ll Love It:This is not only a young adult romance, not only about love. It’s also about making decisions at a young age and growth. The story is beautifully structured, and you won’t be able to put it down before you finish it.Besides having a really solid love story, you’ll also have a good laugh when diving into Rowell’s world.Quote: â€Å"In new situations, all the trickiest rules are the ones nobody bothers to explain to you. (And the ones you cant Google.)†#3 The Notebook by Nicholas SparksCategory: Greatest Love StoryRomance Novel Summary:This is the story of Noah Calhoun and Allie Nelson. It is set in North Carolina after the Second World War. Noah thinks of Allie, a girl he had met 14 years prior. And one day, she shows up in his town.Nicholas Sparks is the master of twists and turns in love stories and this one does not disappoint. This is a book of surprises that will test Noah and Allie’s love until the end.Why You’ll Love It:I mean, do I really need an explanation here? Everyone knows Nicholas Sparks and that his books are amazing and will leave you in tears!If you’ve watched the movie, read the book. If you haven’t watched the movie, read the book! It’ll break your heart in th e most beautiful possible way.Quote: â€Å"Every great love starts with a great story†#4 The Hating Game by Sally ThorneCategory: Modern RomanceRomance Novel Summary:Lucy Hutton is a nice, sweet girl; Joshua Templeman is her opposite: cold and grumpy. They meet when the publishing houses they work at merge. It’s hate at first sight.But everything changes with a kiss†¦Why You’ll Love It:Two opposites attract†¦ isn’t it just brilliant when you have a love/hate relationship in one of your books?Because this is a modern romance, the storyline is also modern, which is the reason why many, many people love this novel. It’s easy to relate with it and Lucy is like the next-door neighbor, you just adore her.And with this title, how you could NOT want to read it?Quote: â€Å"Its a corporate truth universally acknowledged that workers would rather eat rat skeletons than participate in group activities.†#5 The Light We Lost by Jill Santopolo Category: Loss and GriefRomance Novel Summary:Lucy is a senior in college at Columbia University when she meets Gabe, also a college senior. They meet on an ill-fated day that will shape their lives and the lives of those around them forever.They meet throughout the years but there’s always something in between them, there’s always something preventing them from being together.And in the end, Lucy has a very important decision to make. What will she decide to do?Why You’ll Love It:If you’ve read and love PS: I Love You by Cecelia Ahern, this book should be next on your list.I think it’s beautiful the way Santopolo deals with loss and grief, which are two themes so close and tangled with the subject of love.Even though they can be difficult to approach, the message is important and not every romance needs a stereotypical happily ever after.Quote: â€Å"Maybe it’s the act of opening yourself up, letting someone else in- or maybe it’s t he act of caring so deeply about another person that it expands your heart.†#6 Dance Until Dawn by Berni StevensCategory: Fantasy RomanceRomance Novel Summary:This is the first book in a series called â€Å"Immortals of London†. Ellie Wakefield has been saved from death by William Austen, a 300-year-old vampire.Ellie has to learn about this new world and together they face unexpected challenges.Why You’ll Love It:Who doesn’t love a good-ol’ vampire story? Add to that a little old banter, and there you have it, the perfect novel!Fantasy and romance are just like peanut butter and jelly; there’s no reason why they should go together, but they do, formidably.This book is full of mystery and Stevens has written it in a way that you just crave for more. It’s fresh, well-detailed but very easy to read.Quote: â€Å"I understand that this is rather a lot to take in,’ he said. ‘But I would appreciate it if you would stop referrin g to me as either psychotic or perverted.’ ‘Well I’d appreciate not being kidnapped and shut in this filthy hole.’ ‘Touchà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.†#7 Pride and Prejudice by Jane AustenCategory: Feminism and Classic LiteratureRomance Novel Summary:The story revolves around the Bennets, a noble family that doesn’t have a lot of money because of Mr. Bennet, the father.It all starts when two single noblemen arrive to town and, as it is custom, meet the single women, because ain’t it universally acknowledged â€Å"that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife†?When Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy meet, it’s not all rainbows and flowers, but would it be a real love story if it was otherwise?Why You’ll Love It:Classics are important for a reason, and that reason is mostly because they’ll teach you something about the past, which most often than not, still has some truth in the present day.Youâ€⠄¢ll love Pride and Prejudice because Jane Austen wrote it for everyone to dream about it. It’s an important story that needs to be read.Elizabeth Bennet was born way ahead of her time and she’s here to teach you a lesson in sarcasm and feminism – you just cannot not read it!Quote: â€Å"He is a gentleman, and I am a gentlemans daughter. So far we are equal.†#8 Me Before You by Jojo MoyesCategory: Illness and LossRomance Novel Summary:Louisa Clark loses her job and desperately needs to find another one. When the opportunity of taking care of Will Traynor, a young man that is wheelchair bound, knocks on her door, she doesn’t jump of happiness.It’s a slow start and their relationship doesn’t seem to evolve, but as any other love story, there are twists and surprises along the way for both Louisa and Will.Why You’ll Love It:This is a story of poor meets rich, good meets bad, but not at all as you’d expect it to be.Itâ€⠄¢s not even about these pairs at all. But you’ll connect, at first, with the main character, Louisa, because of this. She’s simple and relatable.You’ll read it in an afternoon and you’ll still be crying months later.Quote: â€Å"I will never, ever regret the things Ive done. Because most days, all you have are places in your memory that you can go to.†#9 Gone with the Wind by Margaret MitchellCategory: History, specifically the Civil WarRomance Novel Summary:Scarlett O’Hara has a hard task at hand: she’s fighting for her family’s plantation and for the love of her life – if that wasn’t enough, this is amid the Civil War.In the end, will she get it all or lose everything?Why You’ll Love It:It’s History holding hands with a love story, what more could you need?It has the charm of the south in a very troubling period of history; it’s family and love struggles. It’s one of the most popula r books ever written, and you just need to find out why!Quote: â€Å"It was better to know the worst than to wonder.†#10 It Ends with Us by Colleen HooverCategory: Abusive RelationshipsRomance Novel Summary:Lily is a determined, successful woman. She had a difficult life growing up, but she never stopped fighting for what she truly loved. She meets Ryle who has a no-dating rule, but they quickly become close.She thinks he had a difficult past too, but she can’t figure out what happened exactly. When things start changing, she’s put in a place she never wanted to be back again.â€Å"Sometimes it is the one who loves you who hurts you the most.†Why You’ll Love It:If you’re looking for strong-minded, determined women, this book is for you. Lily is written in a way that you’ll be rooting for her from page 1.It’s a book that will touch some of you deeply and will haunt you for many years after the last page was turned. A beautiful love story that has more to it.Quote: â€Å"Just because someone hurts you doesnt mean you can simply stop loving them. Its not a persons actions that hurt the most. Its the love. If there was no love attached to the action, the pain would be a little easier to bear.†#11 Simon vs. The Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky AlbertalliCategory: LGBTQ+Romance Novel Summary:Simon is 16 and very much homosexual, however, no one knows. When his secret is about to be revealed, a series of events lead him to being blackmailed.He’ll try to navigate high school without anyone finding out his secret while not messing up his friendships nor his own life.Why You’ll Love It:This is a fun yet serious book. The characters are well-created, and the dialogues are hilarious.The topic is an extremely important one nowadays and the lack of novels about the LGBTQ+ community make this one a success.The hardships of being teenager and on top of that, one with a secret, are well played in this n ovel and you’ll easily fall in love with Simon (and Blue).Quote: â€Å"Why is straight the default? Everyone should have to declare one way or another, and it shouldnt be this big awkward thing whether youre straight, gay, bi, or whatever. Im just saying.†Romance novels are unique in many waysIf you’re looking for a happily ever after, maybe you won’t find it in all these books.However, aren’t stories closer to our reality a whole lot better? They allow us to think of our successes and failures and give us hope for a better future.If you’re looking for page-turners, refer to this list. I promise you these are novels you won’t be able to put down once you’ve read the first page!Do you want your next novel to make a list like this?If you love romance novels enough to give writing your own a try, weve got what you need next.Check out this free training so your story can be a step above the rest.

Networking is the most important skill a new manager needs to develop Essay

Networking is the most important skill a new manager needs to develop if they are to be successful in their sector - Essay Example Today in fact every business faces fast changes and new opportunities constantly. That requires from managers to keep trace on the recent developments in terms of products, customers, employees, and so on, and that makes one of the most critical managerial skill to be networking (Pfeffer, J. 2009). Every successful manager has a priori several traits, which help him to network. He or she can certainly do well such things as: talk, listen and hear, remember names of people, keep in mind the news related to the company’s products, industry news, staff changes, etc. Such a manager knows his or her colleagues good, has good relations with them, knows what is going on in the organization and outside. All that gives additional advantages, for example, to apply for a position, which have just become vacant, or to get involved in an interesting project, about which not many people know, etc. Such a manager values his or her connections, tries to keep and develop them. He or she never burns bridges, for example when leaves some place in a bad situation, he or she will try his or her best to save good relations with people, because there is a very big chance to meet them in life later, may be in other roles. Networking assumes the ability to speak good. In order to develop speaking skills a person needs to practice them. Toastmasters’ clubs exist to become a great speaker and to find new acquaintances. In order to find new acquaintances a person needs to have deep knowledge in at least several general topics to be able to talk about, say football, music, and politics. In this case there is a very big probability that a person will be able to keep communication with somebody whom he or she sees the first time in life. Knowing other cultures and other languages increases the networking opportunities greatly. In case you know a foreign language you may